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:''This article is about a Hindu theological concept: the original or absolute manifestation of God. For other meanings, see Krishna (disambiguation) and Bhagavan (disambiguation).'' ''Svayam Bhagavan'' (Sanskrit: स्वयं भगवान) (IAST ', "The Lord" or "The Lord Himself") is a Sanskrit theological term for the concept of absolute representation of God as ''Bhagavan'' within Hinduism. He is the One eternal Supreme Being called ''Brahma'', ''Vishnu'', ''Shiva'' and ''Trimurti''. According to the ''Bhagavad Gita'', Lord Krishna is termed ''Svayam Bhagavan'' which means ''God himself''. As stated in ''Bhagavata Purana'', Hindu Vedic Supreme God Para Brahman appeared before Vasudeva and Devaki in his divine original four-headed form before taking birth as Krishna. Both Vasudev and Devaki after praising God requested him to hide his divine form agreeing to which God transformed himself into a small baby Krishna. According to this account, Krishna never took birth from the womb of his mother like a common baby.〔Bhagavata Purana - Canto 10 Chapter 2 Verse 9〕〔Bhagavata Purana - Canto 1 Chapter 3 Verse 28〕〔Bhagavata Purana - Canto 10 Chapter 3 Verse 46〕 It is most often used in ''Gaudiya Vaishnava'' ''Krishna''-centered theology as referring to ''Krishna''. The title ''Svayam Bhagavan'' is here used exclusively to designate ''Krishna'',〔 while there are conflicting semantics or other usages in the ''Bhagavata Purana''. Traditions of ''Gaudiya Vaishnavas'', the ''Nimbarka Sampradaya'' and followers of ''Vallabha'' consider him to be the source of all avatars,〔 and the source of Vishnu and Narayana himself. As such, he is therefore regarded as ''Svayam Bhagavan''.〔 Though Krishna is recognized as ''Svayam Bhagavan'' by many,〔 he is also perceived and understood from an eclectic assortment of perspectives and viewpoints. When Krishna is recognized to be ''Svayam Bhagavan'', it can be understood that this is the belief of ''Gaudiya Vaishnavism'', the ''Vallabha Sampradaya'',〔"Early Vaishnava worship focuses on three deities who become fused together, namely Vasudeva-Krishna, Krishna-Gopala, and Narayana, who in turn all become identified with Vishnu. Put simply, Vasudeva-Krishna and Krishna-Gopala were worshiped by groups generally referred to as ''Bhagavatas'', while ''Narayan''a was worshipped by the ''Pancaratra'' sect."〕 and the ''Nimbarka Sampradaya'', where ''Krishna'' is accepted to be the source of all other avatars, and the source of ''Vishnu'' himself. This belief is drawn primarily "from the famous statement of the Bhagavatam"〔(1.3.28).〔''Essential Hinduism'' S. Rosen, 2006, Greenwood Publishing Group (p.124 ) ISBN 0-275-99006-0〕 A different viewpoint differing from this theological concept is the concept of ''Krishna'' as an ''avatar'' of ''Narayana'' or ''Vishnu''. It should be however noted that although it is usual to speak of ''Vishnu'' as the source of the avataras, this is only one of the names of the God of Vaishnavism, who is also known as Narayana, Vasudeva and Krishna and behind each of those names there is a divine figure with attributed supremacy in Vaishnavism.〔 〕 ==Meaning== The theological interpretation of ' differs with each tradition and the literal translation of the term has been understood in several distinct ways. Translated from the Sanskrit language, the term literally means "Bhagavan Himself" or "directly Bhagavan".〔 Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition often translates it within its perspective as ''primeval Lord'' or ''original Personality of Godhead'', but also considers the terms such as ''Supreme Personality of Godhead'' and ''Supreme God'' as an equivalent to the term ''Svayam Bhagavan'', and may also choose to apply these terms to Vishnu, Narayana and many of their associated Avatars.〔 "Krishna is the primeval Lord, the original Personality of Godhead, so He can expand Himself into unlimited forms with all potencies." (page 161 )〕〔..."''Bhakti'', the highest path, was that of surrender to Lord Krishna, the way of pure devotional service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead".〕 Early commentators of Bhagavata Purana such as Madhvacharya translated the term ''Svayam Bhagavan'' as "he who has ''bhagavata''"; meaning "he who has the quality of possessing all good qualities".〔 (page 132 )〕 Others have translated it simply as "the Lord Himself".〔 p.109 Klaus Klostermaier translates it simply as "the Lord Himself"〕 Followers of Vishnu-centered sampradayas of Vaishnavism rarely address this term, but believe that it refers to their belief that Krishna is among the highest and fullest of all ''Avatars''〔 and is considered to be the "''paripurna avatara''", complete in all respects and the same as the original.〔 Parashara Maharishi, Vyasa's father had devoted the largest Amsa (part) in Vishnu Purana to the description of Sri Krishna Avatara the ''Paripoorna Avatara''. And according to Lord Krishna's own (instructions) ''upadesha'', "he who knows (the secrets of) His (Krishna's) Janma (birth) and Karma (actions) will not remain in samsara (''punar janma naiti- maam eti'') and attain Him after leaving the mortal coil." (BG 4.9). Parasara Maharishi ends up Amsa 5 with a phalashruti in an identical vein (Vishnu Purana .5.38.94)〕 According to them Krishna is described in the Bhagavata Purana as the ''purnavatara'' (or complete manifestation) of the Bhagavan, while other incarnations are called partial. "Krishna being the Bhagavan Himself, the mind of man fixed on him intensely, whatever be the motive and however ignorantly it might be."(p. 334)〔 Generally there is a universal acceptance of the uniqueness of Krishna incarnation throughout Hinduism, as well as the principles involved in His life and personality for which He has been described as ''Svayam Bhagavan''.〔pp.234-239〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Svayam Bhagavan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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